Catalytic applications of niobium compounds 2002

Salient examples for catalytic applications of niobium compounds and materials are presented in this abstract. Niobium oxides, when small amounts are added to known catalysts, markedly enhance catalytic activity and selectivity and prolong catalyst life for various reactions. Moreover, niobium oxides exhibit a pronounced effect as supports for metal or metal oxide catalysts. Hydrated niobium pentoxide (niobic acid, Nb2O5?nH2O) and niobium phosphate, which are unusual solid acids, show high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability for acid-catalyzed reactions. Layer compounds containing niobium combined with metal show peculiar photocatalytic activity. These characteristic features of niobium compounds as catalysts and catalyst components are discussed, their potential significance being emphasized. (AU)